Compared with standard intensive psychiatric services (treatment as usual), moderate‐certainty evidence shows that a therapeutic community (residential program) for male drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems (antisocial personality disorder, depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, or psychological distress) probably reduces the number of men who get involved in criminal activity (448 vs 672 per 1000 men; all results on average) and get re‐incarcerated (130 vs 328 per 1000 men). Reviewers reported similar benefit of a therapeutic community in terms of overall criminal activity for female drug users when compared with cognitive‐behavioral therapy (245 vs 331 per 1000 women; low‐certainty evidence) and re‐incarceration for male drug users when compared with waiting list control (239 vs 397 per 1000 people; moderate‐certainty evidence). Drug use was reported only for female drug users; reviewers reported no clear difference between groups, but the result was imprecise.